FRIENDSHIP

WHAT IS FRIENDSHIP ????


Friendship is a form of interpersonal relationship generally considered to be closer than association, although there is a range of degrees ofintimacy in both friendships and associations. Friendship and association are often thought of as spanning across the same continuum and are sometimes viewed as weaknesses. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology,philosophy, and zoology. Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles.

True friendship is perhaps the only relation that survives the trials and tribulations of time and remains unconditional. A unique blend of affection, loyalty, love, respect, trust and loads of fun is perhaps what describes the true meaning of friendship. Similar interests, mutual respect and strong attachment with each other are what friends share between each other. These are just the general traits of a friendship. To experience what is friendship, one must have true friends, who are indeed rare treasure.

Friendship is a feeling of comfort and emotional safety with a person. It is when you do not have to weigh your thoughts and measure words, before keeping it forth before your friend. It is when someone knows you better than yourself and assures to be your side in every emotional crisis. It is when you can sleep fighting and get another morning with a better understanding. Friendship is much beyond roaming together and sharing good moments, it is when someone comes to rescue you from the worst phase of life. Friendship is eternal.

Different people have different definitions of friendship. For some, it is the trust in an individual that he / she won't hurt you. For others, it is unconditional love. There are some who feel that friendship is companionship. People form definitions based on the kind of experiences they have had. This is one relation that has been nurtured since time immemorial. There are famous stories about friends in mythologies of different religions all over the world. They say a person who has found a faithful friend has found a priceless treasure.

Psychologically speaking, friendship may be defined as 'a dynamic, mutual relationship between two individuals. As children become friends, they negotiate boundaries within which both partners function'. This helps them to function like healthy individuals in life as they learn to draw a line as and when needed in a relation. This greatly helps in the emotional development of an individual. However, any relation needs constant nurturing and development from all the people that are involved in one. Friendship cannot survive if one person makes all the effort to sustain it without any mutual recognition from others.

Since friendship starts the moment a child starts socializing, the kind of friends that the child chooses should be taken care of till the time he / she learns to differentiate between right and wrong. Wrong peers or lack of socializing can lead to severe psychological traumas and disorders, finally leading to social maladjustment. The correct peer group is essential for the development of the personality of a child. Both positive and negative experiences refine the personality of the individual. Thus it is essential that you find friends who are compatible with you on an emotional and psychological basis.

FRIENDS FOREVER





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CANCER - BREASTCANCER

UNDERSTANDING BREAST CANCER

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with breast cancer, it's important to understand some basics: What is breast cancer and how does it happen?

In this section, you can learn about how breast cancer develops, how many people get breast cancer, and what factors can increase risk for getting breast cancer. You also can learn more about signs and symptoms to watch for and how to manage any fears you may have about breast cancer.

What is Breast Cancer ?????

Breast cancer is an uncontrolled growth of breast cells. To better understand breast cancer, it helps to understand how any cancer can develop.

Cancer occurs as a result of mutations, or abnormal changes, in the genes responsible for regulating the growth of cells and keeping them healthy. The genes are in each cell’s nucleus, which acts as the “control room” of each cell. Normally, the cells in our bodies replace themselves through an orderly process of cell growth: healthy new cells take over as old ones die out. But over time, mutations can “turn on” certain genes and “turn off” others in a cell. That changed cell gains the ability to keep dividing without control or order, producing more cells just like it and forming a tumor.

A tumor can be benign (not dangerous to health) or malignant (has the potential to be dangerous). Benign tumors are not considered cancerous: their cells are close to normal in appearance, they grow slowly, and they do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Malignant tumors are cancerous. Left unchecked, malignant cells eventually can spread beyond the original tumor to other parts of the body.

The term “breast cancer” refers to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the breast. Usually breast cancer either begins in the cells of the lobules, which are the milk-producing glands, or the ducts, the passages that drain milk from the lobules to the nipple. Less commonly, breast cancer can begin in the stromal tissues, which include the fatty and fibrous connective tissues of the breast.

Breast Anatomy

• Larger Version

Over time, cancer cells can invade nearby healthy breast tissue and make their way into the underarm lymph nodes, small organs that filter out foreign substances in the body. If cancer cells get into the lymph nodes, they then have a pathway into other parts of the body. The breast cancer’s stage refers to how far the cancer cells have spread beyond the original tumor (seeStages of Breast Cancer tablefor more information).

Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality (a “mistake” in the genetic material). However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father. About 90% of breast cancers are due to genetic abnormalities that happen as a result of the aging process and the “wear and tear” of life in general.

There are steps every person can take to help the body stay as healthy as possible and lower risk of breast cancer or a breast cancer recurrence (such as maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, limiting alcohol, and exercising regularly). Learn what you can do to manage breast cancer risk factors. Always remember, breast cancer is never anyone's fault. Feeling guilty, or telling yourself that breast cancer happened because of something you or anyone else did, is not productive.

Symptoms of Breast Cancer

Initially, breast cancer may not cause any symptoms. A lump may be too small for you to feel or to cause any unusual changes you can notice on your own. Often, an abnormal area turns up on a screening mammogram (x-ray of the breast), which leads to further testing.

In some cases, however, the first sign of breast cancer is a new lump or mass in the breast that you or your doctor can feel. A lump that is painless, hard, and has uneven edges is more likely to be cancer. But sometimes cancers can be tender, soft, and rounded. So it's important to have anything unusual checked by your doctor.

According to the American Cancer Society, any of the following unusual changes in the breast can be a symptom of breast cancer :

• swelling of all or part of the breast
• skin irritation or dimpling
• breast pain
• nipple pain or the nipple turning inward
• redness, scaliness, or thickening of the nipple or breast skin
• a nipple discharge other than breast milk
• a lump in the underarm area

These changes also can be signs of less serious conditions that are not cancerous, such as an infection or a cyst. It’s important to get any breast changes checked out promptly by a doctor.

http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/understand_bc/index.jsp?gclid=CPTbiNK_mq4CFcN56wodgwIAIA

TREATMENT OPINION FOR BREAT CANCER

Treatment for Breast Cancer 

The surgical (lumpectomy or mastectomy) option is often the initial treatment to remove the tumour, without removing the entire breast where possible. If the cancer has spread to the surrounding tissues and lymph nodes, it might be necessary to do a mastectomy.

This is usually followed up by chemo- or radiotherapy. These therapies work towards killing off any remaining cancer cells. Another option for some women with early stage breast cancer, is hormone therapy. This may help reduce the chance of recurrence.

Lumpectomy
A lumpectomy is surgery to remove a small area of breast tissue that is cancerous.This surgery is carried out only in early breast cancer, if the area of tissue to be removed is relatively small. Women who choose a lumpectomy will require radiation therapy to destroy any cancer cells that may remain in the area.

Mastectomy
A mastectomy is the surgical removal of the entire breast that is done in order to remove a malignant tumour in cases of invasive breast cancer, with or without removing the lymph nodes in the armpit. Sometimes, if more tissue needs to be removed, a lumpectomy may be disfiguring and a mastectomy may be recommended instead.

Following a mastectomy, a woman may choose to wear a breast prosthesis or may opt to undergo breast reconstruction, which can be done at the same time as the mastectomy or later.

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PICTURES OF BREAST CANCER

	Pictures of Breast Self-Exam See diagrams of Breast Self-Examination.			Pictures of Diagnosis See pictures of MRIs, Mammograms, Ultrasounds, and PET Scans.
	Pictures of Types of Breast Cancer See pictures of Non–Invasive and Invasive tumors, and more.			Pictures of Breast Anatomy See diagrams of Breast Self Examination.
	Pictures of Treatment See pictures of Mastectomy, Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, and more.			Pictures of Breast Reconstruction See pictures of TRAM Flap, Tissue Expanders, Latissimus Dorsi Flap Reconstruction, and more.

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MY RACE - KAYAN ( BORNEO )

      

Orang Ulu

Main article: Orang Ulu

A young Sarawakian playing the sapeh

Orang Ulu is a group of ethnics in Sarawak. The various Orang Ulu ethnics together make up roughly 6% of Sarawak's population. The phrase Orang Ulu means upriver people and is a term used to collectively describe the numerous tribes that live upriver in Sarawak's vast interior. Such groups include the major Kayan and Kenyah tribes, and the smaller neighbouring groups of the Kajang, Kejaman, Punan, Ukit, and Penan. Nowadays, the definition also includes the down-river tribes of the Lun Bawang, Lun Dayeh, "mean upriver" or "far upstream", Berawan, Saban as well as the plateau-dwelling Kelabits. Orang Ulu is a term coined officially by the government to identify several ethnics and sub-ethnics who live mostly at the upriver and uphill areas of Sarawak. Most of them live in the district of Baram, Miri, Belaga, Limbang and Lawas.

A vast majority of the Orang Ulu tribe are Christians but traditional religions are still practised in some areas.

Some of the major tribes making up the Orang Ulu group include:

• Kayan
• Lun Bawang
• Kelabit
• Kenyah
• Penan
• Bisaya 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak#Orang_Ulu

KAYAN ????


From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Kayan are an indigenous tribe from the island of Borneo. The Kayan people are categorized as a part of the Dayak people of Borneo.

Being an indigenous tribe in central Borneo, Kayans are similar to their neighbors, the Kenyah tribe, with which they are grouped together under the Bahau ethnic group.

The population of the Kayan ethnic group may be some 27,000.^[1] They are part of a larger grouping of people referred to collectively as theOrang Ulu, or upriver people. Like some other Dayak people they are known for being fierce warriors, former headhunters, adept in dry-rice cultivation, and having extensive tattoos and stretched earlobes amongst both sexes. They may have originated from along the Kayan river in the Indonesian part of Borneo. They live along the upper Kayan and the middle Kapuas and Mahakam rivers. They seem to have expanded to the south in Sarawak in historic times, generating some conflicts with the Iban that were expanding north at the same time. They have settled in Sarawak on the middle Baram River, the Bintulu River and along the Rajang River, having been pressed back a little during the late 19th century.

Their language belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Their basic culture is similar to the other Dayak people of Borneo. Traditionally they live in long houses on river banks. Their agriculture was based upon shifting cultivation techniques and the cultivation of dryland rice. They also cultivate sago, and go hunting and fishing. Their society knows aristocrats. They are known for good carvings and metalwork.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayan_(Borneo)

KAYAN - HANDY CRAFT


http://kayansarawak.com/

KAYAN - FASHION



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School Dropout

He never went to school But he was no fool He was simply playing Mr Cool Eyes closed by cottonwool Cheered on my mates Sealed his present faith There is a time to play A time to go to school His parents told him Make that your number one rule He wholly ignored them How can education be a such golden gem Now he sobs, sobs, sobs Now he robs, robs, robs No qualifications Zero education His mates have moved on to better jobs In many glorious nations Now he sobs, sobs, sobs Now he robs, robs, robs He wishes he was a student He wishes he had the talent He had at one moment There are no more screams and shouts Because he knows what he is all about He is a school dropout http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/school-dropout/